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# Lectures on Quantitative Methods for ACJ Students
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### [Descriptive Statistics](../master/descriptive-statistics.org)
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### [Introduction to Statistical Inference](../master/statistical-inference.org)
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## [Introduction](../master/index.org)
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## [Descriptive Statistics](../master/descriptive-statistics.org)
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## [Introduction to Statistical Inference](../master/statistical-inference.org)
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#+TITLE: Quantitative Methods
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#+TITLE: Descriptive Statistics
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:R :session acj :eval never-export
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#+STARTUP: hideall inlineimages hideblocks
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#+SETUPFILE: https://fniessen.github.io/org-html-themes/setup/theme-readtheorg.setup
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@@ -6,23 +6,8 @@
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* Title slide :slide:
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#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp-slide
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(org-show-animate '("Quantitative Methods, Part-II" "Descriptive Statistics" "Vikas Rawal" "Prachi Bansal" "" "" ""))
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(org-show-animate '("Quantitative Methods" "Descriptive Statistics" "Vikas Rawal" "Prachi Bansal" "" "" ""))
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#+END_SRC
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* Title slide
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#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp-slide
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(org-show-animate '("Why do financial journalists need to know quantitative methods?" "" "" ""))
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#+END_SRC
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* What do we aim to achieve in this course? :slide:
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*** Make friends with numbers
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*** Learn how to read numbers, how to present them, and how to write about them
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*** Learn how to use computers to work with numbers
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* Two Types of Statistics :slide:
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** Descriptive Statistics
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*** Use summaries of data for the entire population to describe a population
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*** Use summaries of sample data to describe a sample
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** Inferential Statistics
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*** Use sample data to describe a population
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* Descriptive Statistics :slide:
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+ Frequency
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@@ -212,70 +197,6 @@ $cov=\frac{standard.deviation}{mean}$
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| M | 89680952381 | 299467.8 | 1.74 |
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| F | 54500000 | 7382.4 | 0.16 |
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* Graphical Displays of Quantitative Information: Common Pitfalls
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** Common uses of statistical graphics :slide:
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+ To show trends over time
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+ To show mid-point variations across categories
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+ To show composition
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+ (less commonly, though more usefully) to show/analyse dispersion
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: "and sometimes the fact that numbers have a magnitude as well as an order is simply forgotten"
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[[file:graphics/tufte-insanity.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Another example borrowed from Tufte
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[[file:graphics/tufte-fuel.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Tufte's graph on fuel economy of cars
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#+attr_html: :width 400px
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[[file:graphics/tufte-fuel2.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Nobel prizes awarded in science (National Science Foundation, 1974)
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#+attr_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/nobel-wrong.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Nobel prizes awarded in science (corrected by Tufte)
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#+attr_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/nobel-right.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty1_o.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty1_c.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty2_o.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty2_c.png]]
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** The problem multiplied with the coming in of spreadsheets :slide:
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#+ATTR_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/chart1.png]]
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#+ATTR_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/chart2.png]]
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#+ATTR_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/chart3.png]]
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* Graphical Displays of Quantitative Information: Dispersion :slide:
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** Histogram :slide:
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@@ -386,7 +307,68 @@ $cov=\frac{standard.deviation}{mean}$
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* Graphical Displays of Quantitative Information: Common Pitfalls
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** Common uses of statistical graphics :slide:
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+ To show trends over time
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+ To show mid-point variations across categories
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+ To show composition
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+ (less commonly, though more usefully) to show/analyse dispersion
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: "and sometimes the fact that numbers have a magnitude as well as an order is simply forgotten"
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[[file:graphics/tufte-insanity.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Another example borrowed from Tufte
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[[file:graphics/tufte-fuel.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Tufte's graph on fuel economy of cars
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#+attr_html: :width 400px
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[[file:graphics/tufte-fuel2.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Nobel prizes awarded in science (National Science Foundation, 1974)
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#+attr_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/nobel-wrong.png]]
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** Mis-representation :slide:
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#+CAPTION: Nobel prizes awarded in science (corrected by Tufte)
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#+attr_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/nobel-right.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty1_o.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty1_c.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty2_o.png]]
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** Mis-representation: illustrations from Thomas Piketty's work (source Noah Wright) :slide:
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[[file:graphics/piketty2_c.png]]
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** The problem multiplied with the coming in of spreadsheets :slide:
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#+ATTR_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/chart1.png]]
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#+ATTR_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/chart2.png]]
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#+ATTR_html: :width 300px
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[[file:graphics/chart3.png]]
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* Paul Krugman on Fiscal Austerity
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
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#+TITLE: Quantitative Methods: Introduction
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:R :session acj :eval never-export
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#+STARTUP: hideall inlineimages hideblocks
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#+HTML_HEAD: <style>#content{max-width:1200px;} </style>
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* Title slide :slide:
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#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp-slide
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(org-show-animate '("Quantitative Methods" "Introduction" "Vikas Rawal" "Prachi Bansal" "" "" ""))
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#+END_SRC
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* Title slide
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#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp-slide
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(org-show-animate '("Why do financial journalists need to know quantitative methods?" "" "" ""))
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#+END_SRC
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* What do we aim to achieve in this course? :slide:
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*** Make friends with numbers
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*** Learn how to read numbers, how to present them, and how to write about them
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*** Learn how to use computers to work with numbers
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* Two Types of Statistics :slide:
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** Descriptive Statistics
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*** Use summaries of data for the entire population to describe a population
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*** Use summaries of sample data to describe a sample
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** Inferential Statistics
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*** Use sample data to describe a population
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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#+TITLE: Quantitative Methods
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#+TITLE: Introduction to Statistical Inference
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:R :session acj :eval never-export
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||||
#+STARTUP: hideall inlineimages hideblocks
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#+HTML_HEAD: <style>#content{max-width:1200px;} </style>
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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
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** Sampling Distributions :slide:
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# #+RESULTS: sampling2
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[[file:bsample2.png]]
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#+NAME: sampling2
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#+BEGIN_SRC R :results output graphics :exports results :file bsample2.png :width 2500 :height 1500 :res 300
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